A growing number of Knowledge Infusion client organizations are seeking our help to develop strategies and plans for implementing solutions that measure the value of their investments in the workforce. Some are driven by greater scrutiny from business and finance executives with an interest in measuring how all aspects of their enterprises are performing; others by the desire to transform the HR department into a strategic lever aligned with the goals of their organization;
Regardless of their motivation, they must all start by identifying measures that tie key indicators of business performance to HCM practices and programs. Only after such measures have been identified can they be leveraged to make better management decisions.
It is with this starting point in mind that I have established the ‘On-the-Money Metrics Corner' as a source of information on different measures being used or considered by organizations. Each week, I will make sure the Corner will features information on at least one new metric. I encourage others to post their feedback on these metrics (e.g., its value, its applicability, etc.). I also invite you to post metrics of your own.
*_Week of October 1st_ *
Metric Category: Workforce Effectiveness
Metric Name: Retention of High Performers
Calculation: Retention = (# of Retained HPs) / Avg. HP Headcount in the Organization*) X 100
* # of Retained High Performers = # of HP with Employed Status at Beginning AND End of Period
+**Avg High Performer Headcount = (Total HPs at Beginning of Month + Total HPs End of Month) / 2+
Who Cares About It, and Why? Everyone, including an organization's shareholders, should care about this one Re: On-the-Money Metrics Corner - What Matters to You???. This measure speaks to everything about the focus of an organization's talent management practices (e.g., compensation, management development, training, etc.). While some might consider retention to be a backward-looking metric, capturing this measure from quarter-to-quarter or even year-to-year should provide some predictive indication of whether or not an organization will be able to execute on its goals (e.g., how are we going to grow sales by 20% annually over the next 5 years when we keep losing our best salespeople to the competition).
Week of October 8th
Metric Category: HR Operational Metric (Talent Acquisition)
Metric Name: Time-to-Requisition Approval
Calculation: Time to Start = Requisition Approval Date - Requisition Request Date
Who Cares About It, and Why? Hiring managers and recruiters. Both parties need an approval before they can post an open position and begin searching for a qualified candidate. When used on an aggregate basis, an Average Time-to-Requisition Approval is one component used to calculate Average Time-to-Fill. Averages can be used as benchmarks for both forecasting and process improvement.
What do you think? Is this metric on-the-money?
Week of October 15th
Metric Category: Workforce Effectiveness
Metric Name: Revenue Per Head
Calculation: Revenue for Period / Avg. Headcount in the Organization*
*Avg HC = (Total Heads at Beginning of Period + Total Heads at End of Period) / 2
Who Cares About It, and Why? This measure of productivity is widely accepted as a standard. Hopefully, the data to complete the calculation is easily accessible via your HR and financial systems of choice. Many stakeholders care about this measure of productivity for a variety of reasons. Like most metrics, it becomes particularly interesting as you begin to drill down and report revenue per head relative to peers' span of control (e.g., comparing figure across all regional managers):
The Government: When aggregated to the max, the government leverages such data to report on economic output, and as a derivative, worker productivity.
Executives will ultimately tie investments in the workforce to how this measure changes over time. It can help drive decisions about headcount allocated to various lines of business and/or geographies. In addition, executives and shareholders often take an interest in benchmarking this metric against organizations in similar industries or similar in size.
Individual contributors, particularly those tied to an organization's top line, care about it because it likely serves as an indicator of continued employment, bonuses, merit increases, and promotions. It can also be applied to employees in support functions such as Finance, IT, and HR (i.e., how much revenue does each person classified as SG&A.
There are several limitations to this metric:
<div>* It ignores profitability. Not all revenue is good revenue, so this should not be the lone measure of productivity. In addition, it does not take into account the cost to which HR is often held accountable - labor cost of employees and contractors.</div>
Revenue is backward-looking and not the only measure of productivity. This is particularly true when an organization tries to drill into the productivity of individual employees. CNNMoney posted a brief story about these limitations and how companies can address them earlier this year.
What do you think of this measure? Is it On-the-Money?
*_Week of October 22nd_ *
Metric Category: Transactional
Metric Name: Development Program Penetration Rate
Calculation:
of People in a Given Job Re: On-the-Money Metrics Corner - What Matters to You??? who Have Satisfied the Requirements of a Particular Development Program /
Total # of People in that Given Job
Who Cares About It, and Why? It depends on the program. For example:
Enterprise application owners want to make sure power users and administrators have been introduced to company systems.
Product managers want to know how many sales and customer support people have been through classes and have certified their knowledge on their wares.
Compliance officers who worry about legal exposure care to know who has and has not maintained their licensure requirements by participating in continuing education programs.
Sales executives want to know who among their staff have gone through the curriculum that covers the company's consultative sales methodology.
Senior executives want to know how many of the company's rising stars have made progress on their individualized development plans.
What do you think of this measure? Is it On-the-Money?
Mike,
In my work with organizational performance measures, the question I have about this measure is the objective evaluation of "high performers." For example, I currently work in HR which is a department in many companies (including mine) that "struggle" to identify, let alone implement, true value added measures and metrics. As such, it appears to be challenging to objectively quantify what makes me a "high performer" over one of my peers within my sub-area or another HR professional, in general.
In summary, I agree with your "qualifier" listed and IF (big IF) a consistent, systematic and objective measure can be used, then this would truly be an "On-th Money Metric."
Chris Knox
San Antonio
Mike,
I've had experience helping to develop, implement and monitor an organizational balanced scorecard. Most recently, I've researched literature regarding "strategy maps" and have actually developed a simple template that helps create the strategy map that ultimately defines the scorecard and associated metrics.
A balanced scorecard derived from a sound strategy map will truly help an organization define "On-the-Money" metrics. Contact me if you'd like to discuss further.
Chris Knox
Hi, Chris...Happy to discuss further. A KI colleague of mine, Suzanne Rumsey, and I are currently writing a document to be published through the Center of Excellence on the application of measurement and business intelligence in HR. I would be interested in discussing your efforts further as we put together the document. I am available on Monday afternoon and can be reached at 617.413.9012 or through the COE, of course. Hope you enjoy the weekend and look forward to speaking with you...Mike
*_Week of October 29th_ *
Metric Category: Transactional
Metric Name: Headcount Load
Calculation:
1. Budgeted FTE{color:#0000ff}*{color} - Actual Avg. FTE{color:#ff0000}**{color}
or
2. Actual Avg. FTE{color:#ff0000}**{color}
/ Budgeted FTE{color:#0000ff}*{color}
budget adjustments.
**Avg FTE = (Total FTEs at Beginning of Month + Total FTEs End of Month) / 2
Who Cares About It, and Why?
Assuming the business plan that
produces a budgeted FTE figure is sound, a shortfall in headcount - as expressed
by a negative number in the first or a percentage less than 100% in the second -
implies that there are not as many people executing the plan as there should
be. This may not be an issue in the
short-term if the organization's staff is more productive than expected. However, it is likely to be over the long run
if employees are overworked. It may also
be an indicator that the organization is not doing an adequate job attracting,
screening, interviewing, and hiring qualified candidates.
What do you think of this
measure? Is it On-the-Money?
Having recently launched an HR metrics / analytics effort at a Fortune 200 company, I can emphatically agree with Al's observations about organizational readiness (both HR and the business leadership as a whole) being a key factor in determining what metrics matter to the business. And it's not just organizational readiness and maturity for HR metrics / analytics, but for business metrics / analytics in general. It's rare to find an organization that suffers from a lack of data; it's more common, though, to find an organization with a lack of analytical and conceptual thinking skills that can transform data into information that is meaningful to leaders. This goes beyond just explaining to business leaders what a metric means; it goes to explaining why the metric, and the business process(es) it indicates, is important to the business - strategy, business results, long term viability.
This is probably more challenging for HR metrics for two reasons: 1) HR has not traditionally been thought of as a function that significantly adds to the "quantitative" value of the business, except as a cost; and 2) human capital / resources does not have a regulating body that has established measurement standards (unlike the SEC has for finance, for example). These two factors contribute to some of the ambiguity around HR metrics, and to the challenge of how to effectively communicate the meaning of HR metrics to the business. The good news, though, is that as businesses come face-to-face with talent shortages and the need to move faster in a very competitive global environment, there will be a greater demand for metrics and analytics that inform decision making. Our challenge in HR is to catch up with, and if possible, get ahead of the demand.
Both Kim and Al raise good points. I do think that the Balanced Scorecard or a similar framework is a good place to start. Kim raises an interesting point about finance. I always point clients not already partnering with someone in finance - if there not doing so already - not only to help develop the right measures, but to assist in how those measures are defined, calculated, analyzed and presented to business leaders. The simple reason - they typically have a great deal of experience doing so. With this experience comes analytical skill sets and tool sets used to generate the data that regulatory bodies (and shareholders) require and the insights upon which business leaders can make better decisions. In addition, finance is likely generating reports that leverage HR data such as FTEs and payroll. Partnering with finance from the start also ensures that you're defining workforce-related measures the same way.
Jason Averbook and I recently wrote an article in Talent Management Magazine, which covers many of the challenges and opportunities related to implementing a workforce intelligence strategy as well as some suggestions on how to do so. It can be found at http://www.talentmgt.com/assessment_evaluation/2007/November/470/index.php?pt=a&aid=470&start=10136&page=4. Check it out if you have a moment.
Week of November 5th
Metric Category: HR Operational Effectiveness
Metric Name: Quick Quits
Calculation:
(Headcount Who Left the Organization Voluntarily in < 90 Days / Total # of Headcount Period Hired within the Same 90-day period) * 100
Who Cares About It, and Why?
If it's not completely clear when you look at the equation, this metric tells you what percentage of people hired quit within the first 90 days. 90 is an arbitrary number in this case. For some jobs, a week, a month, or a year might be a more reasonable number to use.
This metric looks almost exclusively in the rearview mirror. It may tell you what effect any number of factors is having on the new hires your organization brings onboard. An interpretation of the number for any single period (i.e., a snapshot) or over time (i.e., what the trend line looks like) should be accompanied by a review of exit interviews and employee satisfaction scores whenever possible. Too high a number likely costs the organization a lot of money (e.g., hiring costs, training, sub-par productivity during ramp-up, morale of others, etc.) may tell you:
Your organization is hiring the wrong people for open positions. Therefore, your recruiters and hiring managers should reexamine their practices. Personality profiling anyone???
Your organization's on-boarding process might stink. What do you think new employees' first impression of your organization is?
Your organization's managers might stink. Maybe only some stink. Cut the data by region/business unit/team to dig into the numbers further.
It's a good economy, and therefore, people have a wider range of jobs from which to pick. Still, why aren't they choosing to stay here?
What do you think of this measure? Is it On-the-Money?
Week of November 14th
Metric Category: HR Operational Effectiveness
Metric Name: Staff Age Breakdown
Calculation:
(Headcount within a Certain Age Bracket at the End of a Given Period / Total Headcount at End of Period) * 100
Who Cares About It, and Why?
This breakdown gives senior leadership a sense of the attitudes and experience within various segments of the workforce it manages. Over the past few years organizations have taken a great interest in the percentage of their workforce in its most senior age brackets since they may be thinking about their gold watch and a retirement party. These people presumably have on average have more skills, experience, industry contacts and knowledge than those younger employees who remain in the workforce. More and more organizations are seeking ways to more proactively address what they are acknowledging as a problem, well, for the ages.
Last year, Knowledge Infusion published the attached study, Managing Talent in the Face of Workforce Retirement, which was based on a survey designed to examine the business impact of Baby Boomers departing the workplace. Our analysis showed that while organizations acknowledge this structural change in the labor force as a threat to shareholder value, few HR organizations are really prepared to address it. The survey revealed that formalized succession planning, mentoring programs, flexible work schedules for would-be retirees and enabling technologies playing a role in addressing the gap left by retirees.
Have you done this calculation at your company? If not, you should.
What do you think of this measure? Is it On-the-Money?
Week of November 21st
Metric Category: Workforce Effectiveness
Metric Name: Employee Return
Calculation:
Operating Profit* for the Period / Total Compensation for the Period
*Income or loss before taxes and extraordinary items resulting from transactions other than those in the normal course of business
Who Cares About It, and Why?
On the whole, this is a less-watched metric than revenue per employee, which is often a leading indicator of operating profit. Employee return is a more accurate measure of the real-time impact of employees on shareholder value. As Lowell L. Bryan from McKinsey points out, profit per employee is a much more relevant indicator of financial performance for many companies, particularly those companies for which the most valuable intangibles are employee skills, reputation and relationships.
When broken down by product line or geographic region, the numerator, operating profit, may provide HR and business managers with guidance as to how investments in employees should be steered. Hint: Ideally, these resources should be steered toward those areas consistent with the organization's business path and for which strategic goals have been explicitly set. In this way, it provides a snapshot of whether or not investments in employees are being steered toward good revenue as opposed to bad revenue.
Another distinction between this metric between Employee Return is the denominator - Here, total compensation is used in favor of headcount, which may be manipulated by some managers to inflate their group's productivity (e.g., eliminating full-timers near the end of a quarter).
What do you think of this measure? Is it On-the-Money?
Week of November 28th
Metric Category: HR Operational (Talent Acquisition)
Metric Name: Hiring Mix
Calculation:
Number of People Hired from Source 1, 2, 3, etc. During the Period /
Total # of People Hired During the Period
Who Cares About It, and Why?
This is a useful snapshot metric for recruiters and hiring managers interested in knowing what volume of hires each source of job candidates provides. These candidates may be existing employees, contractors, or people not formally associated with the organization. Consider the following scenarios for applying this metric:
A senior executive is interested in knowing if the organization's Succession Planning and Talent Mobility initiatives are actually resulting in a greater number of employees filling open management positions versus external candidates. Another way to look at this same application is using this metric to prove - or disprove - the notion that the organization provides its employees with opportunities for career advancement.
The head of recruiting is interested in investigating where her department's advertising dollars (e.g., newspaper, job boards, career fairs, etc.) are paying off in order to optimize her investment portfolio.
The company's leadership team is interested in knowing from what departments - and managers of those departmnents - the largest number of internal hires are made. These leaders may wish to do further investigation as to whether or not these departments provide model development environments or if employees in the department simply tend to burn out. Combining Hiring Mix with other metrics such as Voluntary Turnover and Employee Engagement in those departments may lead to further insights.
What do you think of this measure? Is it On-the-Money?
A growing number of Knowledge Infusion client organizations are seeking our help to develop strategies and plans for implementing solutions that measure the value of their investments in the workforce. Some are driven by greater scrutiny from business and finance executives with an interest in measuring how all aspects of their enterprises are performing; others by the desire to transform the HR department into a strategic lever aligned with the goals of their organization;
Regardless of their motivation, they must all start by identifying measures that tie key indicators of business performance to HCM practices and programs. Only after such measures have been identified can they be leveraged to make better management decisions.
It is with this starting point in mind that I have established the ‘On-the-Money Metrics Corner' as a source of information on different measures being used or considered by organizations. Each week, I will make sure the Corner will features information on at least one new metric. I encourage others to post their feedback on these metrics (e.g., its value, its applicability, etc.). I also invite you to post metrics of your own.